Raphael Mechoulam, an Israeli organic chemist and professor of medicinal chemistry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, remembers the letdown after his groundbreaking discoveries surrounding the structure of the cannabis compounds CBD and THC in 1963 and 1964, followed by clinical tests with CBD published in 1980.
In a 2018 British Journal of Pharmacology study, Mechoulam and his co-authors wrote that their synthetic compound, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) methyl ester (HU-580) could be more effective than existing CBD remedies, making it “a potential medicine for treating some nausea and anxiety disorders.” Those initial clinical tests found the acids have yielded results on par, and even exceeding, existing treatments, without the side effects.
The naturally occurring but unstable CBD acid (CBDA) is a thousand times more potent than CBD in binding to a particular serotonin receptor thought to be responsible for alleviating nausea and anxiety.
“It’s an interesting molecule that potentially doesn’t have side effects,” said Dan Peer, managing director of the Center for Translational Medicine and head of the Cancer Biology Research Center at Tel Aviv University.
“It works like a steroid. If it doesn’t have adverse effects, then you have a replacement, which is great,” Peer said, discussing testing he did with cannabis acids and inflammatory bowel disease.
Ziva Cooper, research director of the UCLA Cannabis Research Initiative, said EPM’s research confirms what many in the field have long suspected about cannabis acids, but have been unable to confirm due to their instability.
“Their work is quite innovative, and it definitely builds on what we know related to the potential therapeutic effects of cannabinoids,” Cooper said, adding that the compound could be particularly effective for pain control. Cooper said that while more testing will be needed to determine effectiveness and safety for humans, EPM’s results so far are “quite encouraging.”
As the U.S. government plans to spend $3 million to research CBD, pharmaceutical industry veterans still urge caution, while lending some insight regarding why more drugs have not been built on cannabis compounds.
“People are always joking about getting the munchies if they use marijuana,” said David Campbell, a partner at the consulting firm Oliver Wyman and advisor to EPM, who has more than two decades of experience in the pharmaceutical industry.
Campbell said such anecdotal evidence is a “far cry” from being able to convince a research committee or shareholders about the efficacy of cannabis to treat a condition.
“The drugs that are produced are just not potent enough,” said Peer, referring to the CBD, THC, and other nonacids.
These factors, in addition to social mores, have all led to a situation where pharmaceutical companies have not been a major presence in cannabis development.
“Lilly is not engaged in cannabis research and does not plan on being engaged in cannabis research in the future,” Nicole S. Herbert, a spokesperson for pharmaceutical giant Eli Lilly, wrote in an email.
A Pfizer spokesperson, Sally Beatty, said the company “abandoned” its cannabis-related patents after it ended research into treating cancer and inflammatory pain.
“Years ago we investigated a class of compounds for potential therapeutic value in treating cancer pain and inflammatory pain. Our work in this area was confined to the lab, never tested in patients, and eventually discontinued,” Beatty said. GSK and Sanofi declined to comment and several others did not respond to inquiries on the topic from NBC News.
EPM, which was co-founded by Reshef Swisa, 37, has managed to stabilize the acid version and also standardize the process to maintain consistent output — a key for the pharmaceutical industry, which has heretofore largely kept it distance from the plant despite a surge in popularity in CBD-based products.
EPM, which has one approved patent for its processes along with 13 more under review, is taking a novel business approach to their product, electing to offer their Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient, the key element of a drug, to pharmaceutical companies on a licensing basis. They plan to offer exclusivity for specific medical conditions.
“We are not a drug developer,” Swisa said. “We are a molecule developer.”
Swisa said the first applications will likely be targeted to treat psoriasis in a topical cream. Other promising results suggest the active ingredient could be effective in treating inflammation that brings on arthritis, anxiety and inflammatory bowel disease.
Swisa and Mechoulam said they hope that the first applications of their compound will enter Phase 1 of FDA testing in six to 12 months, though several business and scientific factors could affect that timeframe.
The developments come at a time when Big Pharma is under siege from state attorneys general over the opioid crisis, which could open the door to exploring alternatives for treating pain.
Though early tests on Mechoulam’s compound are promising, Peer urges caution against expecting an immediate product.
“There is a gap between an interesting molecule and a pharmaceutical product,” Peer said.
The average time for a drug to gain FDA approval is 12 years, according to a 2016 University of Washington study published in Elsevier, though the agency does have four expedited tracks.
While the research is scheduled to continue over the long term, Mechoulam pushed for the scientific community to take heed now.
“We could have helped a lot of children with cannabidiol for many years,” he said, lamenting the decadeslong delay in acceptance of his discoveries.
“I hope this doesn’t happen with the new compound.”
Source: https://www.nbcnews.com
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